SAT语法--平行结构Parallel Structure

Shero

平行结构的知识点考察在SAT的考试中是必考的一项，然后在中国的高考中对于这个知识点却只有极少的关注度；因此造成了很多同学对于此知识点的掌握不牢固，必然会造成在SAT考试中会丢分。所以综合SAT语法考试的特点总结出以下的考点。

1. 三者之间的平行----N, N, and N（名词，名词，and 名词）

此种题型就是我们常说的“名词，名词，and 名词”的形式，这三个名词是相互并列的。出题的习惯通常划线部分放在第三个，即在and 名词上面划线。

＊PRACTICE

1. Each timeMary turns on her computer，she has(A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password(B) before (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E).

2. Major riskfactors for cardiovascular disease include high blood pressure, high bloodcholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive.

(A) include highblood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive

(B) include highblood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and physical inactivity

(C) include highblood pressure, blood cholesterol, smoking, and being physically inactive

(D) Includeshigh blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physicallyinactive

(E) Includeshigh blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and being physicallyinactive

题干错误比较明显，谓语include后面分为四个平行的宾语，high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol,smoking, and to be physically inactive，前三个部分均为名词短语，最后一个部分为动词不定式，因此在成分上与前面三个不平行。因此排除A,C,D,E（同时D,E中出现主谓不一致的情况），B为正确选项。

3. Without theinvention of the compass, Mike might not have sailed around the world, Lewisand Isaac might not have traveled to Bonn, nor might Kevin’s search for thecities of gold have occurred, either.

(A)  nor might Kevin’s search for the cities ofgold have occurred, either

(B)  nor might Kevin search for the cities of gold

(C)  and Kevin’s search for the cities of goldmight not have taken place

(D)  and Kevin might not search for the cities ofgold

(E)  and Kevin might not have searched for the cities of gold

2. 比较句

此种题型在考试当中几乎每次都可以见到，考点集中在同类比较出现此题型的标志有：-er; more than; as; like; unlike; compare to/with等

错误例句：The climate inShanghai is more humid than Beijiing.

改为：The climate inShanghai is more humid than that of Beijing.

此句中“that”表示句子开头的“the climate”

＊PRACTICE

1. In (A)the United States, the industrial use of (B) plastic is (C)greater than steel (D), aluminum, and copper combined. No error(E) (OG P777 28)

2. In a recentyear, more tourists from the United States visited museums in Great Britainthan Canada.

(A)  Canada

(B)  Canada did

(C)  compared to Canada

(D)  Canadian ones

(E)  in Canada

3. 两者之间的平行

两者之间的平行一般的几个标志如下： not only……,but also….；neither…. nor……../either……or……（在SAT中被视为送分题）；….. and / but…..

出现以上的标志词后必须做到一一对应；但以下为特殊情况：

如：either plan todo，or risk doing

（这种句型出现是正确的，句子当中的主体结构完全一一对应，“plan”和“risk”已经做到对应，后面的“to do”和“doing”只是固定用法。）

＊PRACTICE

1. The laborunion is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B) willsatisfy (C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) alllevels of management. No error (E) （OG P60113）

2. Most drivers knownot only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also thatit is dangerous. （OG P678.13）

(A) know notonly that excessive speeding on highways wastes

(B) know thatexcessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of

(C) areknowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes

(D) have knownthat excessive speeding on highways wastes not only

(E) know thatexcessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste

4. 两个句子之间的平行

两个句子之间的平行，后一个句子之间用逗号加上连词隔开，或者直接用一个分号隔开，标志：and，but，分号等。

虽然句子平行的题目在SAT考试中较少，但对于SAT的写作来讲的确提供了一种很好的结构搭配。比如在Dickens所著的A City of Two Tales这本小说中，第一段映入眼帘的便是一段语气辉煌蓬勃的文字：

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age ofwisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was theepoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season ofDarkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we hadeverything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct toHeaven, we were all going direct the other way.

＊PRACTICE

1. Driving less(A) frequently is one way to save energy; to turn off all (B) applianceswhen they are (C) not being used is another (D). No error(E) (OG P720 18)

2. Surfacemining is safer, quicker, and cheaper than deeper mining, but the greater isits toll in human misery.

(A) the greaterin human misery is its toll

(B) it has agreater human misery toll

(C) in its humanmisery toll it is greater

(D) there is thegreater toll in human misery

(E) its toll inhuman misery is greater

题干语法无错误，剩余选项也很难排除，但注意句子的核心结构，便不难发现E为最佳答案（surface mining is safer….【主系表结构】与its toll is greater【主系表结构】保持平行），A为主系表倒装，而题干为划线部分为正常句子结构；同理排除C；B为主谓宾句型、D为there be句型，均不平行。正确答案E。