雅思小作文饼状图写法

山姆大叔

在雅思写作中，饼状图的写作是相对容易的一种，但我们都知道，简单的题目，想取得高分是非常不容易的。饼状图的数据分为静态与动态两种，今天，我们将要探讨的是这两种数据写法中的一些区别，并且将会从高分的角度来对各种写法作一汇总。

首先我们必须搞清楚什么是静态什么是动态数据的饼图：

图一：

The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

在这个考题中，饼状图描述的是可口可乐公司在2000年全球饮料销量的比重，这种就是属于静态数据，也就是说，数据没有发生任何变化，每个数据都是固定的。

图二：

The table below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European Union.

The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds being spent on different forms of transport.

在这个考题中，政府在不同领域的投资比重相对来说也是比较稳定的，因此这个饼图的数据也是属于静态的，那么究竟哪种数据属于动态的呢？

图三：

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

这个图是美国人在不同方面开销的比重，相同的数据在2个年份各自所占的比重是不同的，因此是属于变化的，是动态的数据。

一、静态数据饼图的主体段写作理论

建议考生可先按照扇形面积大小从大到小排列数据，若遇到饼图中有总数的描述，宜在开头先写。主体段在描写各个扇形数据的时候，要注意详略，即最大和第二大的扇形要重点描述。下面我们先以图一作为例子来详细解读这种写作套路：

首先，我们可以看到，在图中央有一个总数，因此我们先在开头段将其预先作交代：

Overall, Coca-cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide in the year 2000. 或者我们还可以这样写：

Overall, a total of 17.1 billion cases of Coca-cola fizzy drink were sold worldwide in the year 2000.

接着，我们就可以直接来写主体段了：

The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 percent of the total volume was purchased. The second biggest consumer was Latin America, taking up slightly over a quarter. Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 percent of the total volume respectively while Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at 7 percent of the total volume of sales.

以下我们来解读一下这种写法：图中一共有5块扇形区域，最大和第二大的扇形区域我们分别使用主系表的简单句引导数据的含义，请大家注意划线的部分。其中，两个句子的主语和表语其实都是可以互换的，这个可以让句子成分再多变些，另外，两个句子后面接续的数据描写的句型我们也要做到不同，比如第1个句子后面我们用的是定语从句，而第2个句子后面我们就用分词结构来描写了。接下来第3大的数据由于处于中间的位置，既非最大也非最小，不是很重要，因此就直接用简单句描写了。最小的那块扇形面积可以和前面的连起来组合成一个并列句，也可以单独写，若是单独写的话还可以用主系表的简单句引导，但是表语一般用insignificant，如：The figure for Africa and Middle East was insignificant,…后面再接续数据即可。

接下来我们再来看看图二主体段的写法：

It is noticeable that road was the biggest item of government expenditure which made up over half of the EU transport budget. Railway was the second largest category of spending, with nearly a third of EU transport funds being spent on railways. Public transport constituted 10%. Comparatively, the outlays spent by EU on other areas were rather small, comprising around 1%-2% each of EU transport budget.

在描写最大的两块扇形面积区域的时候，我们也是用相似的句式，即主系表来描述，然后接续定语从句或者介宾短语来说明数据。饼图中所占份额相对较小的我们就采用略写的方式交代。

二、动态数据饼图的主体段写作理论

在写作顺序上，动态数据的饼图更多的是按照扇形面积变化幅度的大小关系，按照从大到小的顺序来写的。从句型选择上和上一种写法并无太大区别，而最大的不同在于描写中还需要交代各个数据的变化情况，这个是静态数据里不需要描写的。

Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years and together they comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45%in 1996.

Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers surged, up from 1% in 1966 to 10% in 1996. Conversely, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.

Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years.

从上面的主体段描写中，我们不难发现，除了扇形面积按照大小关系排列描述外，每个主要类别的变化情况都需要跟进描述。在描写这些动态数据的时候，提醒考生们特别注意一下划线的句子，几乎每个描述的句型都作了些小幅的改变，比如说食物的时候我们用下降了三分之二这种方式，句型上用主谓结构，而在讲汽车的时候，我们又用现在分词来写数据的变化。后面在写其他方面的改变时，我们也尝试用了些微调，主要体现在词汇选择层面上，由此我们会发现整个主体段的表达很流畅也很学术。

山姆大叔

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The pie charts show the main reasons for migration to and from the UK in 2007.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words

Sample Answer

The pie charts illustrate the primary reasons that people came to and left the UK in 2007.

At first glance it is clear that the main factor influencing this decision was employment. Having a definite job accounted for 30 per cent of immigration to the UK, and this figure was very similar for emigration, at 29%. A large number of people, 22%, also emigrated because they were looking for a job, though the proportion of people leaving the UK for this purpose was noticeably lower at less than a fifth. Another major factor influencing a move to the UK was for formal study, with over a quarter of people immigrating for this reason. However, interestingly, only a small minority, 4%, left for this.

The proportions of those moving to join a family member were quite similar for immigration and emigration, at 15% and 13% respectively. Although a significant number of people (32%) gave ‘other’ reasons or did not give a reason why they emigrated, this accounted for only 17% with regards to immigration.

173 words
_________________________________________
通过上面的这道题以及给出的范文，可以看出饼状图的文章是很好模仿的，或者说是有一个模板的
下面是一些如何组织语句的要点：
1、选择最重要的一个点放在第一个写
从范文中可以看出，换工作，找工作和读书是作者首先提到的，因为这是选择搬家的主要原因。被囊括在其他里的是不那么重要的原因或者只是一小部分人群，所以他们可以被放在结尾再写
2、让句子容易被理解
在写小作文的时候，应该尽可能将信息串在一条逻辑线路上，使文章更容易理解。
在饼状图中，最能体现逻辑的就是进行对比，将文章重心放在描述两张图的相似点和不同点上，而不是将他们分开描述。
如果分别描述图表，阅读的人就需要不断的在两张图之间切换，自己去发现两张图的不同点在哪里。可以看到在范文里面，作者并没有这样做。
3、语言要丰富
在任何小作文中，这点都是很重要的，考生不应该不断的重复同一种结构。写饼状图时最重要的句子就是描述比例的那几句。
通常考生都会用 "the proportion of..."or "the percentage of..."
但事实上，还有很多其他的词组可以用，比如：
A large number of people
over a quarter of people
a small minority
A significant number of people
less than a fifth

下面这张表罗列了一些可以用来代替比例和比率的说法

Percentage	Fraction
80%	four-fifths
75%	three-quarters
70%	seven in ten
65%	two-thirds
60%	three-fifths
55%	more than half
50%	half
45%	more than two fifths
40%	two-fifths
35%	more than a third
30%	less than a third
25%	a quarter
20%	a fifth
15%	less than a fifth
10%	one in ten
5%	one in twenty

如果比例不是像上面那样的整数，可以用下面的概数来表达：

Percentage	Qualifier
77%	Approximately three quarters
49%	just under a half/ nearly a half
32%	Almost a third

如果比例是一个区间，那可以这样：

Percentage	proportion / number / amount / majority / minority
75% -85%	a very large majority
65% -75%	a significant proportion
10% -15%	a minority
5%	a very small number