20道题解决SAT语法所有考点

山姆大叔 · 发表于 2013-9-28 23:55:52

为大家精选SAT考试当中，OG和真题的20道例题，基本上这20道题就覆盖了句子改错和改进环节当中会考的所有考点。建议练习方法：以这20道题为纲，明确和重点突破SAT语法。

第一部分：练习（时间12分钟）

1. Likemost new residents, the town’s winding streets confused the Curtisfamily for a day or two.
(A)the town’s winding streets confused the Curtis family
(B)the winding streets of the town confusing the Curtis family
(C)the Curtis family was confused by the town’s winding streets
(D)the Curtis family, who found the town’s winding streets confusing
(E) there were winding streets in the town which confused the Curtis family

2.Thespirit of the honor code to which each student subscribes requiresacademic honesty respectful behavior,and it demands responsibility in action.
(A)requires academic honesty, respectful behavior, and it demands responsibilityin action
(B) requires academic honesty, respectful behavior, and responsible action
(C) require academic work that is honest, behavior that is respectful, and actionof a responsible nature
(D)Requires academic work that is honest, being respectful in behavior, anddemands responsible action
(E) requires academic honesty, respectful behavior ,and the demands of responsibleaction

3.Todaythe primary role of advertising may be to appeal and persuade rather than whatit once did,educating and informing.
(A) what it once did, educating and informing
(B) what it once did, which was educating and informing
(C) what it once was, education and information
(D) educating and informing ,what it once did
(E) what it once was, to educate and inform

4.Inthe wild, pygmy chimpanzees are found only in an inaccessible region south ofthe Zaire River, since such is the case,very few are in captivity.
(A)since such is the case, very few are in captivity
(B)and very few are in captivity because of that
(C)no more than a few are in captivity as a result
(D)and the number in captivity is very few for this reason
(E) and so no more than a few are in captivity

5.Wenow realize that the Earth has limited resources which,if they arewasted,you put everyone in danger.
(A) which, if they are wasted, you put everyone in danger
(B)  and if you waste them it puts everyone in danger
(C)  and wasting it will be perilous
(D) and it puts everyone in danger to waste them
(E)  that we waste at our own peril

6.In theunited states, the industrial use of plastics is greater thansteel,aluminum,
   A                                                    B                C                D
andcopper combined. No error
                                    E

7.Ifthere had been a power failure, the hospital will run on electricityfrom its own generators, which can operate for 200 hours.
(A)If there had been
(B)If there were
(C)Had there been
(D)Should there be
(E) There has been

8.Because Ms.Metser, the new chemistry teacher, presented the subject so
      A                                                                         B                      C
thorough,concepts that had been difficult to understand now seemedsimple to the
                                             D
students. Noerror.
                  E

9.Theacoustics of the ancient Greek theater at Epidaurus so good that anactor’s
                                                                                             A
words, evenwhen whispered, are auditory to those sitting inthe last row. No error.
                        B                         C             D                                     E

10.Actingon a tip from an anonymous informant, a cache of counterfeit money andstolen credit cards were seized by federal agents during a raid on alocal nightclub early yesterday morning.
(A) a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards were seized by federalagents
(B)  a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards was seized by federalagents
(C)  There was a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards that federalagents seized
(D) Federal agents would seize a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards
(E)  Federal agents seized a cache of counterfeit money and stolen credit cards

11.That I havelittle interest in art is not the fault of my parents, taking meto art
      A             B                                                                      C
exhibitsand galleries from the time I was ten years old. Noerror.
                                                      D                            E

12.Absentfrom the curtain call, to our disappointment, was the directorand the
  A
producer,both of whom had done so much to bringabout this triumphant opening
                        B          C                         D
night. Noerror.
         E

13.Thethree sections of my neighbor’s newly planted garden, each totallydifferent in
A                                        B
designand composition, harmonizes with one another incolor and texture. No error.
                                          C                   D                                              E

14.ProfessorCorey, a man genuinely interested in others’ ideas, told thestudents in
                                          A
hisgovernment class that they were free to voice allof their opinions, no matter how
                                       B                      C
controversial itwas. No error
                  D    E

15.Mymother always gave my sister and I the same treats when wewere little so that
A                                                                         B
neitherof us would be jealous of the other. Noerror
                        C                      D          E

16.Fabricwas very expensive in the United States before the Industrial Revolution,thisis why scraps were saved and recycled into such items as patchworkquilts and doll clothes.
(A)Revolution, this is why
(B)Revolution, this explains why
(C)Revolution, and so
(D)Revolution and so that
(E) Revolution, resulting in

17.Whenwe were cleaning the garage, my sister and I found the old soccer ballin a dark corner we used to play with when we were young.
(A)the old soccer ball in a dark corner we used to play with when we were young
(B)in a dark corner from when we were young the old soccer ball we played with
(C)in a dark corner the old soccer ball we used to play with when we were young
(D)the old soccer ball in a dark corner, we used to play with it when we wereyoung
(E) the old soccer ball, having played with it when we were young, in a darkcorner.

18.Thecrowds that flocked to the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893 were larger and moreenthusiastic than the crowds at the World’s Fair in Paris had been afew years earlier.
(A)than the crowds at the World’s Fair in Paris had been
(B)than was the World’s Fair in Paris
(C)than the World’s Fair in Paris
(D)unlike the World’s Fair in Paris crowds
(E) in comparison to those at the World’s Fair in Paris

19.Writingabout South Africa’s dispossessed people during the period of apartheid,theplays of Athol Fugard brought him into conflict with the South Africangovernment,
(A)apartheid, the plays of Athol Fugard brought him
(B)apartheid, Athol Fugard’s plays have brought him
(C)apartheid, it brought playwright Athol Fugard
(D)apartheid brought playwright Athol Fugard
(E) apartheid have brought playwright Athol Fugard.

20.Astudy found that the environmental costs of producing and recycling paper cupswere as high as, if not higher than, to produce and recycle polystyrenecups.
(A)to produce and recycle
(B)producing and recycling
(C)if they produce and recycle
(D)the production and recycling of
(E)Those of producing and recycling

第二部分：讲评及考点分析
1.修饰结构（成分一致性）。看到like及unlike引导的介词短语，要特别注意成分一致性问题。所谓成分一致性问题，指的是like及unlike后的成分，应与主句部分主语的成分相一致，属于相同的分类和属性。比如本题中，与“大多数新居民”一样，其属性是“新居民”，是“人”，则主句部分的主语应当也属于“新居民”、“人”的范畴，由此我们排除A、B、E；剩下的C、D选项中，可轻易排除D，缺少主句谓语动词！
经验1：看到like、unlike引导的介词短语，注意成分一致问题！
经验2：一般的，主句主语后出现了一个逗号时，要去找下一个逗号！若找到了下一个逗号，则两个逗号间的部分大多为插入语，此时需注意主句谓语动词与主语间“数的一致性”；而若没有找到第二个逗号，则多半此处有句子衔接问题，因为缺少主句谓语动词！

2.平行结构（并列结构）。标准的平行结构题！平行结构有两种主要的考法，一种是并列结构，一种是固定搭配。并列结构中最常见也是最重要的核心词就是and，由and连接的前后部分应当有相同的结构及成分，比如本句中为形容词+名词的短语并列；固定搭配则有很多，比如在句子改错中经常出现的neither…nor…,either…or…等。就像我一直说的，平行结构就如同律诗绝句一般，有自己句子特有的韵律，工整、简洁！做到这种题目，我们应该要眉开眼笑！
经验3：平行结构中要熟记固定搭配！同时看到and，要留一个心眼，是不是前后属于平行的状态！

3.平行结构（固定搭配）。这就是平行结构固定搭配的一个例子！rather than，前后应该是结构相同，成分相同的短语和词。本题中，ratherthan的前方是不定式结构，则than之后的也应是不定式的结构！

4.句子衔接。这是SAT语法句子改进部分常考的一类题目——句子衔接。典型的错误就是原句谓语数量过多（反过来说就是连词数量过少），run-on problem。本题中排除A、C、D；剩下的B、E从翻译的角度上来说，含义相仿，差别在于B的because of that和E的so，很多同学可能觉得奇怪，and so可以连用吗？这不是两个连词吗？是不是redundant了？其实不然，and so本身就是一个连词，表示“因此”，既然如此，and so的表达方法就显然要比B的表述方法简洁的多。
经验4：一般来说，一句句子的谓语动词数量应小于等于（连词数+1）！有例外？是的，平行结构的时候。
经验5：如果要修改一句run-on的句子，怎么改呢？有三种方法！
第一种是加连词，加连词的方式又可以进一步细分为三种，加并列连词（构造并列句结构），加从属连词（构造主从句结构），加分号，其中加分号是我们平时遇到比较少的，之后可以通过例子加深印象；
第二种是将谓语改成非谓语，即不定式、分词或者动名词结构；
第三种就是加个句号，变成彻底分开的两句话。

5.修饰结构（从句）+句子衔接。我还是按捺不住地把考点写成了两个，其实双考点才是考试中的常态，前几题我虽然只标注了一个考点，但其实每一题都有另一个考点帮助排出了部分选项。原句中，我们不难发现which似乎是多余的，if they are wasted, you puteveryone in danger，且不论它含义是否准确，至少它是一句条件状语从句，成分齐全，那么之前的那个which究竟是何用呢？排除A；B选项中，问题出现在it上，it究竟指代什么？C当中的it是指代清晰的——resources，不过可惜单复数上不一致，故排除；D选项，and it puts everyone in danger to waste them，形式宾语，没有明显的语法错误，但读上去略显啰嗦，暂且保留；最后看E选项，定语从句，we waste resources at our peril，一个非常好的词组！意思上和D选项没有差别，但简洁度上更胜一筹！
经验6：一般而言，每一个句子改进题都会至少有两个考点，每个考点均可以排除2-3个选项。
经验7：发现句子中出现了代词，一定搞清楚它究竟指代的是谁？

6. 比较级（比较对象的对仗）。在SAT语法考试中，比较级考点的出现较为频繁，考试方向主要有三，比较对象的对仗、比较结构的平行及比较级形式的正确与否。所谓比较对象的对仗就是比较双方得在一个级别上，比如本题中“塑料工业使用与铁铝铜的综合”去比较，就不在一个量纲上。这类题目基本出现在改错中，较为简单，必须抓住！
经验8：比较级考点有三，比较对象的对仗、比较结构的平行及比较级形式的正确与否。基本均出现在改错中，较为容易，只要盯住核心词than。

7.时态与语态（虚拟语气）。固定套路的虚拟语气，判断标准为：这件事情究竟是否发生了？另外主句部分的谓语动词也是要特别关注的（帮助我们判断是对什么时态的虚拟）。本句中，显然will run的主句谓语动词显示，这不是对于过去的虚拟，排除A、C、E；也不是对于现在的虚拟，排除B。

8.副词与形容词（形容词的错用）。这一门类的题目也比较简单，在该用形容词的时候用了副词，在该用副词的时候却用了形容词。本题是后者的一个例子。请大家想想，前者的例子是什么呢？
经验9：形容词的错用指的是该用副词时使用了形容词的情形；更容易犯错的是副词的错用，副词的错用分为两类，其一：该用形容词时用了副词，主要标志是连系动词！（smell、feel、taste、seem、appear等感官动词，turn、grow、get等转变动词，还包括become、go等）。
其二，副词形式的错用，比如I beat himhard on the face和I beat him hardly on the face的含义就完全不用。

9.措辞错误。这是语法题中唯一需要词汇基础的题型，毕竟如果不知道auditory的含义，就完全不知道该怎么去改。本句中audible是不是更合适呢？查查字典吧！

10. 修饰结构（非谓语——主语一致）。好长的一个考点描述！分词做状语是SAT语法常见考点，不过答题方法如出一辙——判断分词的逻辑主语与主句主语是否一致！不一致，则错误。本句中，acting是现在分词做状语，“根据匿名线人提供的情报”，主句部分为acache were seized by the federal agents. 主语为cache，那么是不是cache act on了呢？显然不是（事实上，无论我们是否知道这个词的确切含义，我们也可以猜出，一定是federal agents联邦探员，根据匿名线人的情报，抓住了……）所以排除A、B、C；在剩下的D、E选项中，时态成为判断标准，既然是已经发生了的一个事实，用一般现在时即可。
经验10：分词做状语是SAT语法常见考点，不过答题方法如出一辙——判断分词的逻辑主语与主句主语是否一致！
经验11：修饰结构除了非谓语结构外，还包括从句和插入语。其中，从句考点也会涉及主语一致性；插入语考点不会单独出现，一般融于句子改进题中。

11.修饰结构（非谓语）。这是一个非谓语错误，或者说是一个从句错误。在原句中，that开始为主语从句，结束词为my parents，后面紧接的taking显然在时态上没有交代。以下两种改法是不是会更加合适呢？”who havetaken me to… since I was ten.”或者”having taken me to…since I was ten.”有没有错呢？

12.一致性（主谓数的一致性）。常见的主谓一致考题，本句为倒装句，倒装句的完成方法是：将语序正装后判断主语的数和谓语的数是否相符。如本句，正装后主语部分为the director and the producer，是两个人，所以谓语动词应当用复数。
经验12：看见倒装句，判断主谓数的标准为：将语序正装，再根据此时主语的数来选择谓语。
经验13：therebe句型本身也视为一种倒装，也需要按照经验12的标准实行。

13.一致性（主谓数的一致性）。这是较为“正常”的一道主谓一致题。我们看到主语后出现了逗号，因此根据口诀，去找另一个逗号，发现成对逗号后，我们心中很喜悦——这是插入语，可以直接去掉。来看谓语动词，harmonizes，单数，而主语部分呢？three sections，主谓不一致！

14.一致性（代词数的一致性）。这又是一个大类考点，代词的数的一致性。本句较简单，it与之前的复数名词和环境不符。
经验14：代词讲究完全对应原则，如果前面是his，后面也要用his；前面是they，后面就不能用his or her；若前面是one，后面就要用one’s。代词的其他考点还包括指代不清等。

15. 一致性（代词形的一致性）。I为主格（用作主语），me为宾格（用作宾语），主格和宾格统称通格；表示某人所有的，比如my book中的my为所有格。
经验15：尤其注意介词宾格，比如在between and之间的代词。

16.句子衔接+逻辑。归根结底的说，本题考的还是连词的使用和句子的衔接。原句若在this is why之前加上一个and，就不显得离谱了，但自然也不是最简洁的，and so绝对是最好的选择。
经验16：自查，是否目前还会选中run-on problem的句子为正确答案？这种错误是不能再犯的了，毕竟它是很好判断的。

17.句子衔接+逻辑。本题考的是定语从句。一般的，定语从句需直接加在先行词之后，作为对于该词的补充说明。尤其像本题的句子，the corner和the soccer ball是两个名词，而定语从句只有一句we used to play with，那么究竟是play with thecorner还是the soccer ball呢？答案是显然的。
经验17：一般的，定语从句需直接加在先行词之后，作为对于该词的补充说明。

18.比较级（比较对象的对仗）。可参见第六题。

19.修饰结构（非谓语——主语一致性）。参见第十题。

20.平行结构（固定搭配）。参见第三题。

最后选择的这三题在考点角度上并无新意，选择的原因正在于该三类考点对于语法考试的重要性！请同学们将SAT语法“考点复习法”熟记在心，在平日复习中，做到每一题时，都想想对应的是哪一个核心考点，争取考出优异的成绩！