【2014.5.24】托福综合作文练习

山姆大叔

Reading
Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance,
humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold.
Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not
endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that
dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions.
Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold
climates.

Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy
allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned
underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms
are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures
called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and
rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator
that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.


Listening:
音频下载：