口语第四题，这部分的考试是基于阅读和听力的基础，具体介绍如下：
形式：阅读+听力+应答
阅读：
时间： (没有写，但是估计也是40到45s)
内容：学术类短文(75到100words)--材料相对笼统抽象(生命科学、社会科学、自然科学和人文科学)
听力：
时间：没有写
内容：与阅读相关联， (扩展事例，举反例或运用阅读概念)
作答：
根据短文和讲座中的信息并且对其中的关键信息进行整合及加工。就是说：阅读可能给一些很深奥的名词或者概念，然后听力讲座时会针对这些概念做出解释，模拟的就是课堂的真实情况，阅读好比教材，讲座好比上课。所以要注意听出来二者之间的关系，然后作答
时间：
准备时间：30s
陈述时间：60s
备考TIPS：
1、阅读一篇短文。用文中的主要观点勾勒出文章的梗概，使用梗概对短文。
2、阅读文章时主要要记录题目，因为题目一般就是主要内容的概括，然后阅读并记录重点。
3、听力中要注意教授是怎么解释学术概念的，注意例证。Lecture题型其实只要求在阅读预见内容的前提下复述讲话框架。
4、进行口头总结。然后在梗概中加入细节，并再次总结。口语体现的阅读和听力的主要重点，不要太关注细节。
5、用计时软件进行训练，因为当阅读和听力都听懂的情况下，同学们很有可能什么都想说最后导致什么都没说清楚也没说完，那么利用计时软件训练，就会避免这种现象。
6、合理分配时间，仔细审题，参考笔记，考虑如何表达
7、笔记记录内容取舍很有弹性，下面两者取其一：
(1)对数字敏感的记录数字及准确的相关含义，用以占据篇幅，避免连贯性动作描述。
(2)记录连贯性动作描述，避免具体数字及准确的相关含义的表述。
reading passage：主要记下抽象的词，和具体的定义;原理，和具体原理的内容等。带着一个“概念是什么，现象是什么”的问题用35秒看完短文，然后用10S的时间，用2句话总结出短文所介绍的概念或现象(尽量用短文中的词汇)
listening passage：听段子的时候，带着“老师用什么例子来进行说明”这个问题去听。要听结构(1+2)，还要听例子中涉及到的3个基本要素(实验对象，实验过程，实验结果)。其中，实验过程要详细。注意这些和抽象的定义和原理的挂钩。听力材料的前两句话，老师会给出所听内容的概括性介绍。再结合阅读给出的概念。再听举例说明。其方法通常是举出扩展事例，举反例或是短文中概念的实际应用。
8、本题题型细分为两种题型：
A、二元正负类：阅读材料中的关键句之一有两个对称并列的概念性词语(切记：通常是动词!)
(1)在阅读材料中找到两个关键词，听力材料必然围绕这两个关键词展开。
(2)在听力中迅速判断两大关键词的正负性质。
(3)根据两大关键词的正负性展开相关内容。
B、描述举例类：阅读材料中的关键句之一对文章题目进行描述，如果不是定义句，此关键句经常在定义句附近。
(1)阅读时记下描述性的关键句，如果临近定义句，同时记下定义句。
(2)听到并记下举例内容，特别是与关键句匹配的信息。
(3)根据具体例子反推验证关键句，如阅读时未确定，则在听力中迅速判断，从两句中选中一句。
备考模版：
1. TOPIC SENTENCE： The professor talks about the theory that……。
SUPPORTING DETAILS： He/she gives one/two examples to illustrate/explain such a point.(接下来陈述
实验对象，实验过程，实验结果)。
2、(1)类型：
The reading passage： definition
Listening passage： examples， study， research
模版：
The reading passagegives the definition of……(关键的抽象词)。 XXX is……(定义的内容)
In the listening passage，the professor goes on to demonstrate it by introducing some researches / examples.
This first is……(最后一句注意挂钩)
The second is……(同样挂钩)
(2)类型：
The reading passage： the phenomenon / the problem/the process /somefunctions/some features
Listening passage： research， analysis.。.
模版：
the reading passage describes the phenomenon / the problem/the process /somefunctions/some
features(关键的抽象词)。 XXX is……(定义的内容)
In the listening passage， the professor goes on to demonstrates it by introducing some researches
/analyses
This first is……(最后一句注意挂钩)
The second is……(同样挂钩)
(3)类型：
The reading passage:a conception held by/the principle/ theapplication/the cause/the effect
Listening passage： specific aspects
模版：
The reading passage introduces a conception held by/the principle/ theapplication/the cause/the
effect
In the listeningpassage argues/indicates several specific aspects of
The first*** is
The second *** is
(4)类型
The reading passage： ***
Listening passage： examples， study， research
模版一：
The reading passage introduces the definition/ phenomenon/ problem/ process /some
functions/some features/ principle/ application/ cause/ effect of……(关键的抽象词)。 XXX is……(定义的
内容)
In the listening passage， the professor continues to demonstrate it by providing some
researches/examples.
This first is……(最后一句注意挂钩)
The second is……(同样挂钩)
模版二：
From the reading material， we know that…(关键术语，定义)
To demonstrate it， the speaker provides two examples/reasons/researches. One example is that……
Another example is that……。.So the suggestion is that……
(记关键术语，主要观点)
(5)整体模版：
“In the lecture， the professor mainly talked about the theory that 。.. 。 To reinforce the theory， the
professor gave two reasons in his speech. The first one is that …。 The other one is that …。 And
that’s the two reasons the speaker presented to explain his idea.(The conclusion is optional)”
例如：
The Dead Sea
In this set of materials， the reading part describes the abody of water， and listening part provides
additional information about the body of water.
The reading part describes the body of water named the Dead Sea. This body of water is said to be
“dead” because its high salt level prevents life in it. It‘s so salty for the reason that it’s landlocked with
no outlet， and it‘s in an area with a high temperaturem this causes rapid evaporation.
The listening part makes an additional point about the Dead Sea. The new point says that the Dead
Sea isn’t actually a sea. A sea is a body of water that‘s part of the ocean or opens into the ocean，
while a lake is a body that;s entirely enclosed. The Dead Sea has no outlet and is therefore a lake.
自我测评标准：
Self-Assessment Checklist：
1. I noted the main points of the reading passage.
2. I noted the main points of the listening passage.
3. I read the question carefully.
4. I used careful planning to outline my response.
5. I began with an overall topic statement.
6. I used strong supporting ideas.
7. I used transitions to connect the supporting ideas.
综合口语第五题主要考察同学们对于校园生活的适应能力，具体介绍如下：
形式：听力+作答
听力时间：60s到90s
内容：有关校园场景的对话
人物包括：两个学生;一个学生一个教授;一个学生和一个校管理人员
问题包括：安排上的冲突，请假，搜寻资料，学生选举，手头拮据等
话题安排：同时涉及两个人必须想出一个共同的解决方案，涉及一方说出问题，另外一方或双方同时想出两个解决方案
作答：
1、描述对话中所讨论的问题
2、说出自己偏向哪一个解决方案
3、解释为什么喜欢那个解决方案
解释时可以引用对话中的信息，也可以加入自己的经历(注意重点是对话中那人遇到的问题)
时间：
准备时间： 20s
答题时间： 60s
备考TIPS：
1、该题往往会背要求作为拿分的项目，也是综合口语部分唯一一个允许有个人观点的题目。所以在听力中，一定要记录好那个学生的问题和解决的方案。
2、听：
听力时要注意：对话中描述的问题/冲突是什么如果解决问题(2个解决方案)你觉得哪种方案好，为什么Problem往往不是单纯的，而是复杂矛盾的，分几个回合说完。
3、答题逻辑：PROBLEM+2 SOLUTIONS+PREFERENCE+WHY
Solutions针对Problem不同层面提出，注意提炼中心句。关切性的话可以略去。答题时在复述问题和解决方法后，一定要给出自己的建议，想不出来就选择一个S提出的方案或把S提出的各种办法按照轻重缓急排序，形式上不可缺少!一定要说“the man/woman offers her/him TWO(or THREE) solutions.”This is to ensure that you get all the solutions even if you can’t finish you answer in time， so the examiner will still give you a good score.
4、时间分配：The OPTIMAL time allotment is： 10 seconds for the problem， 17 seconds for each solution， and 10 seconds for your choice and why，and about 6 seconds pausing throughout your answer.
5、问题不用听!每次都一样!省下10-15秒整理笔记。问题：“briefly describe the problem that was discussed in the conversation and to state which of the two solutions you prefer， and finally to explain why you prefer that solution”。
6、建议的句型：
YOU CAN， YOU SHOULD， YOU‘D RATHER， WHY NOT， WHO DON‘T YOU
THERE IS A POSSIBILITY
IS IT POSSIBLE……
HAVE YOU EVER THOUGH ABOUT……
ANOTHER THING YOU CAN DO IS……
YOU NEED TO……
IF I WERE YOU， I‘D RATHER……
7、要用计时软件进行训练，最好给自己的建议留出15秒钟时间。
备考模版：
1、In the conversation， the man/women has a problem with his/herschedue/report/essay /study(听得时候判断到底是哪方面的问题)
He or she couldn’t get/check out/afford ***(问题具体化)
He/she needs to***
The woman/man/professor/officer gives him/her twosolutions/options
(基本上是2个solution)The firstsolution/option is(概括，不用具体化)
Another suggestion the professor/woman gives is(概括，不用具体化)
And I think the second choice is preferable for the following reasons：
(自己的建议)First，the woman may confront the same problem in the future，itis better for her to handle it now and gain some helpful experiencesAlso，I have once faced thesame situation as the woman does， and I***
2、(1)The man/woman has a problem/situation， which is that….+but/however(如果有冲突的话)
(2) The man/ woman gives two suggestion. Suggestion one is……… suggestion two is……。
(3) If I were the man/woman， I would follow the first/second suggestion.或者是 In my opinion/as far as I’m concerned， the best thing for the man/woman to do is…。
(4) Because I think……每一个省略为2句话。
3、In this conversation， the man/woman is having a hard time dealing with the problem that …。 And the woman/man offers him/ her two possible solutions. One is…… The other is …。 And if it were my choice， I would choose the former/latter one， because……”
4、In the conversation， the man/woman has a problem with his/her schedule/report/essay /study(听得时候判断到底是哪方面的问题)
He or she couldn’t get/check out/afford ***(问题具体化)
He/she needs to***So， the woman/man/professor/officer offers him/her two solutions/options
The first solution/option is(概括，不用具体化)
Another suggestion the professor/woman gives is(概括，不用具体化)
And from my point of view/As for me， the second choice is preferable for the following reasons/the best way to solve this problem is ：
(自己的建议)First， the woman may confront the same problem in the future， it’s better for her to handle it now and gain some helpful experiences. Also， I have once faced the same situation as the woman does， and I ***(这么干的)， it works well pretty well for me.
5、The woman/man is facing the problem that…… So the man/woman offers him/her two solutions. One is…….Another is…。 Well， to me， I prefer the first/second one. because (理由，常直接来自听力)……，(如果有时间)，I was once faced with the similar trouble; I chose to(说支持的具体选择) and everything turned out to be all right.(记主要观点，要求发表自己观点)
口语第六道题目的出题模式是listening –speaking
听力的内容一般是关于学术方面内容的节选，所涉及的范围比较广泛，可能是社科，物理，人类学等，听力材料的长度大概为1～2分钟。考生在听和说的时候没有任何的背景知识可以参考，这个就是难点啊。
通常情况下，教授会给出一个概念的定义，例如, the coin , natural selection 等，或者一个事件的梗概，或者介绍一种现象来开始，之后会就自己前面提出的概念，故事或者现象展开论述。在后面这个部分中，一些例子会被引进来证实和说明前面所提到的定义。说的部分会要求考生概括听力部分的主要内容并听力部分的观点和事例进行详细论证，典型问法为：Using points and examples from the talk, explain XX (某种现象或定义)presented by the professor。
通过对这道题目和考试类型的简单分析，我们可以知道做这类题目的关键就是考试前的大量训练，考试中的认真听和灵活做笔记。那么，究竟如何来听这个部分的内容，以及如何来做笔记呢?下面通过一个句子的例子来做以说明.
Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
Narrator: The professor describes the children’s psychology between eight years old and a half to ten years old, including the analysis of the differences between motherly love and fatherly love. Summarize the main points in the professor’s lecture.
解析：通过听这个题目简介，考生可以得听力的主要内容是关于八岁半到十岁小孩的心理，这个内容是基于母爱和父爱差异而进行分析的。呵呵，听力的重点内容得到了，内容的主要人物：八岁半到十岁小孩和他们的父母。继续听。。。。。。。
Today I’d like to talk about the love between child and parents.(这个开篇句子点名整个文章的主题：love between child and parents.)
For most children before the age from eight and a half to ten, the problem is almost exclusively that of being loved-of being loved for what one is. The child up to this age does not yet love: he responds gratefully and joyfully to being loved. At this point of the child’s development a new factor enters into the picture: that of producing love by one’s own activity. For the first time,. The child thinks of giving something to the maturing of love. Eventually the child may now be an adolescent and has overcome his egocentricity; the other person is not any more primarily a means to the satisfaction of his own needs. The needs of the other person are as important as his own –in fact, they have become more important. To give has become more satisfactory and more joyous than to receive. To love has become more important even than being loved.
In order to understand this shift from mother to father, we must consider the essential difference in quality between motherly and fatherly love. We have already spoken about motherly love. Motherly love by its very nature is unconditional. Mother loves the new-born infant because it is her child, not because the child has fulfilled any specific condition, or lived up to any specific expectation.
The relationship to father is quite different. Mother is the home we come from. She is nature, soil, the ocean; But while father does not represent the natural world, he represents the other pole of pole of human existence. He represents the world of thought, of law and the order, of discipline, and of travel and adventure. Father is the one who teaches the child, who shows him the road into the world. Closely related to this function is one which is connected with socioeconomic development. When private property came into existence, and when private property could be inherited by one of the sons, father began to look for that son to whom he could leave his property. Naturally , that was the one whom father thought best fitted to become his successor, the son who was most like him and consequently whom he likes the most .
分析：
确定主题之后，我们来分析文章各个段落的笔记记录要点：
第一段：八岁半到十岁的孩子对待爱的转变，先是接受之后是奉献自己的爱。此外,他们认为奉献比得到爱更能让他们感到满足和高兴。
第二段： 主要记录句子为:Essential difference in quality between motherly and fatherly love，Motherly love by its very nature is unconditional。其他的信息点可以记录也可以用心记。
第三段：主要记录的句子为:Father does not represent any such natural home, he has little connection with the child in the first years of its life, and his importance for the child in this period can not be compared with that of mother. He represents the world of thought, of law and the order, of discipline, and of travel and adventure. 当然考试的时候考生不可能记录的这么完美。考生只要能把主要意思记录,例如, “natural home, thought, law和order, discipline, travel and adventure”等写下来就好了。
以上分析就是文章每个部分的记录要点，我们来看看例文是怎么写的：
When a child reaches the age of around eight to ten, for the first time in his life the idea of love is changed from being loved into loving. As he grows into an adolescent eventually, he has overcome his egocentricity. For him now, to give has become more satisfactory and more joyous than to receive, to love has become more important even than being loved. There are essential differences in quality between motherly love and fatherly love. Motherly love is by nature unconditional. Mother loves a child not because the child has met any specific condition, or has lived up to any specific expectation. But the relationship to father is quite different .Father doesn’t represent the natural world. He represents the world of thought, law and order, of discipline, and of travel and adventure.
解析：先概括文章大意：When a child reaches the age of around eight to ten, for the first time in his life the idea of love is changed from being loved into loving. 之后用细节来支持自己的这个论点具体这里就不赘述了。复述的内容基本上和原听力材料一样。
总上所述，我们不难看出这类题目其实不像考生想象的那么难。考生需要做的事情就是认真听，听的时候注意总结性的语句和转折词之后的句子，抓住主要内容做笔记，之后就是用流利而又逻辑性的语言的把记录的内容复述出来，采取总-分的说话模式。
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