托福写作中可互换的关系词

卡米尔

　　一、 And 并列关系 (and)

　　in addition / and / similarly / likewise / as well as / besides / furthermore / also / moreover / too/ not only ... but / even / besides this/that

　　二 、Sequence 顺序 (then)

　　出现的时候表示列举

　　first/ initially / second etc. / to begin with / then / next / earlier/later / following this/that / afterwards

　　三、 Consequence 结果 (so)

　　前面是后面的结果 / 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了。

　　as a result/ thus / so / therefore / consequently / it follows that / thereby / eventually / in that case / admittedly

　　四、 Contrast转折 (but )

　　表对前面论述的转折 / 一般后面才是作者观点

　　however/ on the other hand / despite / in spite of /

　　though / although / but / on the contrary

　　otherwise/ yet / instead of / rather / whereas /nonetheless / in contrast

　　五 、Certainty 确定 (of course)

　　强烈的确定 / 后面是作者的坚定论点

　　obviously/ certainly / plainly / of course / undoubtedly

　　六 、Condition 条件/ 因为 (if )

　　后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。

　　if / unless / whether / provided that / / Given that / for / so that / whether / depending on

　　七、 Time 时间 (when )

　　before/ since / as / until / meanwhile / at the moment / when / whenever / as soon as / just as

　　八、 Summary 总结 (in a word)

　　in conclusion/ in summary / lastly / finally / to sum up / to conclude / to recapitulate 重述 / in short / in a word

　　九、 Example举例 (for example)

　　for example / for instance / just as / in particular / such as / namely 也就是

　　十、 Reason原因 ( because)

　　since / as/ so /because (of) / due to / owing to / the reason why / in other words/leads to / cause

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