托福写作技巧之名词化的运用

卡米尔

　　由于历史、地理和社会的不同，中文写作与英文写作有所不同，因此托福写作的高分作文往往不是我们在学校经常取得英文高分的学生。有人说，老外眼中句子分为3个档次，最差的是主动句，较好的是被动句，倒装句等，最好的nominalization(名词化)的句子，这样的句子最学术、最适合写论文。所以，对考生来说，要在托福写作中取得高分，就要善于运用名词化。下面，就跟小编一起来看看如何在托福写作中使用名词化的语言。

　　所谓名词化就是动词或形容词被用作名词的现象。比如动词转成名词：discovery->discovery， move->movement，refuse->refusal，又比如形容词转成名词：careless->carelessness，difficult->difficulty， intense->intensity。但是，并不是任何情况都能运用名词化的。

　　使用名词化的情况如下：

　　1.取代诸如从句中“the fact that”的用法

　　原句：The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.

　　名词化：My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.

　　更好的名词化：a. When I denied his accusations， I impressed the jury.

　　b. In denying his accusations， I impressed the jury.

　　2.名词化部分用在there is/are的后面

　　原句：We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.

　　名词化：There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.

　　原句：The floods considerably eroded the land.

　　名词化：There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.

　　3.谓语动词的宾语部分

　　原句：I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.

　　名词化：I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.

　　4.结合被动形式

　　原句：If people decide without enough persuasive information，...

　　名词化：If a decision is made without enough persuasive information，...

　　没必要使用名词化的情况如下：

　　1.连续进行名词化

　　原句：a. First， she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.

　　b. There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.

　　改后：First， she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.

　　2.连接部分名词化

　　原句：Their cessation of hostilities was because of their personnel losses.

　　改后：They ceased hostilities because they lost personnel.

　　原句：The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.

　　改后：Even though the motor housing was unstable， the research staff completed the field trials.

　　3.名词化部分跟在动词后面

　　原句(名词化“冗余”)：The police conducted an investigation into the matter.

　　改后：The police investigated the matter.

　　4.名词化部分作为主语

　　原句：Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.

　　改后：We discussed a tax cut.

　　名词化在托福写作中对分数的提高有重要影响，但是考生也不能一味使用，否则会弄巧成拙。当然，掌握名词化的运用也并非一朝一夕就可以的，考生还是要不断练习，才能得到真正提高。

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