新托福作文词汇运用误区整理

小小袁 · 发表于 2015-9-7 14:33:09

要想在托福写作考试中取得一个不错的成绩，除了要重视托福写作评分标准，对于托福写作词汇的运用也要符合规范才行，在托福写作中，下面这些词汇是坚决要避免的，下面为大家着重分析下新托福作文词汇运用误区，希望能帮助大家扫清托福写作高分路上的绊脚石。

　　1. 口语化语言或俚语

　　口语和书面语显然是有比较大的区别的：前者较随意，后者较正式;前者可以在语法层面犯些不影响理解的错误，后者必须按照语法规则书写;前者有时受发音规则影响，后者则不考虑音节因素。由于这些区别，口语化的语言是不适合出现在规范写作中的。

　　俚语也是一样，作为另一种较口语的语句，是民众在日常生活中总结出来的通俗易懂又顺口的表达。特点是地域性强，较生活化。但总体说来，俚语是一种非正式的语言，通常也只能在非正式的场合使用。例如：

　　【例1】theenvironmental problem is prettyserious today.

　　修改：the environmental problem is extremely serious today.

　　【例2】Shouldhe study hard, the final exam is to become apiece of cake.

　　修改：Shouldhe study hard, the final exam is not to become a problem.

　　【例3】 Sincedemocracy has been acknowledged by the world, it is sort of strange to see some politicians lean on the authority.

　　修改：Sincedemocracy has been acknowledged by the world, it is a little strange to seesome politicians threaten the authority.

　　2. 行话

　　同学们经常犯错的另一个极端是行话。所谓行话，指的是某一特定的社会群体，由于工作上、活动上或其他目的上的共同性，在相互之间交往交流时，会创造、使用一些不同于其他社会群体的词汇、用语或符号。比如早期的军事部门，再比如现在的通信行业。我这里所说的行话并没有那么偏远，指的更多的是学生在写作学习中经常背诵一些“较难”的同义词，却没有仔细辨析这些同义词含义的区别。殊不知，很可能使用的就是只有英语国家的政府单位、商业公司、学术机构、甚至军队才会用的一些表达。当然，并不是绝对不能用这些词汇，除非不用这些专业用语就无法表达其准确含义。举一些使用行话不恰当的例子：

　　【例4】 Thenew generation is believed to commencetheir age by ameliorating the livingconditions in economically deprivedareas.

　　修改： Thenew generation is believed to start/create their age by improving/changing theliving conditions in poor/less-developed areas.

　　【例5】 It ishard to believe that students perusingbooks all the time without thinking critically can actually carry out viable life goals.

　　修改： It ishard to believe that students reading books all the time without thinking criticallycan actually arrange his life properly.

　　【例6】 When they night came, they went out for a perambulation, but soon enough, they shrank back in discomfort, surmisingthat an unidentified object tried to murder them.

　　修改： Whenthey night came, they went out for a walk, but soon enough, they returned in discomfort, dreading somebody in thedark who tried to kill them.

　　3. 过于“华丽”或“矫揉造作”的词藻

　　这一般是水平较高的学生为了取得25分以上的分数，想创造一些个性化语言时所犯的错误。这样的情况在教学过程中见到的不在少数。有些语言读来让笔者看到眼前一亮，但更多的情况是不但没有给笔者留下深刻的印象，反而使笔者感到华而不实。有些甚至是晦涩难懂的，读来令人非常吃力。盗用一句名言就是“a misconception frequently held bynovice writers is that word choice mirrors thought: the more impenetrable theword, the more involved the ideas.” 以下也举几个例子：

　　【例7】 Unfortunately,the TV station in some countries does not have an appropriate classification ofadult entertainment, so children mayhave access to those unhealthy programs.

　　修改： Unfortunately, the TV station in somecountries does not have an appropriate classification of pornography, sochildren may have access to those unhealthy programs.

　　【例8】 One feasiblesolution is that the industry should be stopped and those who have more thanenough cars should sell their preownedautomobiles.

　　修改： One feasible solution is that theindustry should be stopped and those who have more than enough cars should selltheir used cars.

　　【例9】 I do believethat no country would refuse such revenueenhancers.

　　修改： I do believe that no country wouldrefuse such taxes.

　　上面三点是在新托福作文词汇运用中常见的误区，其实影响考生托福写作成绩的因素是多方面的，大家在平时的备考中要注意借鉴高分作文中的结构和用词，以便让自己有更好的进步。