SAT语法--虚拟语气 Subjective mood

Shero

（1） 条件句中虚拟语气的形式

这一考点的难度较大，SAT语法通常考察虚拟语气在条件句中的使用。虚拟语气在条件句中通常表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，习惯性的用If来进行引导，并且If表达的含义为“如果”；时态的使用通常是正常时态往前退一个时态,并且主句和从句要保持时态上的呼应。

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

时间	将来	现在	过去
从句谓语形式	动词过去式(be用were)/   should + 动词原形/ were to + 动词原形	动词过去式(be 用 were)	had +动词过去分词
主句谓语形式	would / should / might / could + 动词原形	would / should / might / could + 动词原形	would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词

运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题

l  当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：

Should he agreeto go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

Were she here,she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learntabout computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。

l  当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were, there were中，只能用were, 如：

Were I ten yearsyounger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。

If I were you, Iwould try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。

l  有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

① 省略从句

He would havefinished it. 他本该完成了。

You could havepassed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。

② 省略主句

If I were athome now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

If only I hadgot it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。

＊PRACTICE

Some of theworkers who resent (A) the supervisor’s authority would probably(B) feel uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence thatthey demand (D). No error (E)

l  让步状语从句中的虚拟语气

在even if, eventhough 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：

Even if he werehere himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。

Nobody couldsave him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。

（2）其他可能引起虚拟的结构：

l  表命令/建议/要求（demand / suggest/ advise / mandate / order / propose / advocate / recommend / decree），且should必须省略。

l  it is important that